1, Indlela Yokunquma Usayizi Wezinhlayiyana
Usayizi wezinhlayiyana zokuphakelayo ubhekisela ebukhulu bezinto ezisetshenziswayo zokuphakelayo, izithasiselo zesiphakeli, nemikhiqizo yokuphakelayo. Njengamanje, izinga elifanele likazwelonke "Indlela Yokuhlunga Yezingqimba Ezimbili Yokunqunywa Kosayizi Wezinhlayiya Zokugaya Okuphakelayo" (GB/T5917.1-2008). Inqubo yokuhlola iyafana nendlela yokuhlola ekhishwe yi-American Society of Agricultural Engineers. Ngokusho kokuqina kokuchotshozwa kokuphakelayo, ukuchotshozwa kungahlukaniswa kube izinhlobo ezimbili: ukuchotshozwa okuqinile nokuchotshozwa kahle. Ngokuvamile, usayizi wezinhlayiyana mkhulu kuno-1000 μm wokuchotshozwa okuqinile, futhi usayizi wezinhlayiyana ungaphansi kuka-600 μm wokuchotshozwa kahle.
2, Inqubo yokuchoboza okuphakelayo
Izigayo ezisetshenziswa ngokujwayelekile zihlanganisa izigayo zesando nezigubhu. Lapho usebenzisa, idinga ukukhethwa ngokuya ngokuphumayo kokuchotshozwa, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, kanye nohlobo lokuphakelayo. Uma kuqhathaniswa nomshini wesando, umshini wokugaya unobukhulu bezinhlayiyana ezifanayo, ukusebenza okunzima kakhulu kanye nezindleko zomshini eziphakeme. Izigayo zesando zandisa ukulahleka komswakama okusanhlamvu, zinomsindo, futhi zinezinhlayiyana ezincane ezifanayo lapho zichotshozwa, kodwa ukufakwaizindlekokungenzekaingxenye yalokhoumshini wokugaya izigubhu.
Ngokuvamile, izigayo eziphakelayo zifaka kuphela uhlobo olulodwa lwe-pulverizer, i-hammer mill noma i-drum mill. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lubonise ukuthi ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo eziningi kungathuthukisa ukufana kosayizi wezinhlayiyana futhi kunciphise ukusetshenziswa kwamandla. I-Multi-step crushing isho ukuchotshozwa ngesando bese kuba ngesigayo. Nokho, idatha efanele iyindlala, futhi ucwaningo olwengeziwe nokuqhathanisa kuyadingeka.
3, Umthelela Wosayizi Wezinhlayiyana Kumandla kanye Nokudla Kwezakhi Zokudla Okusanhlamvu
Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwahlola ubukhulu bezinhlayiyana zokusanhlamvu kanye nomthelela wosayizi wezinhlayiyana ekugayekeni kwamandla nemisoco. Iningi lezincwadi ezincoma usayizi wezinhlayiyana ezifanele zavela ekhulwini lama-20, futhi kukholakala ukuthi ukudla okunezinhlayiyana ezinobukhulu obungama-485-600 μm kungathuthukisa ukugayeka kokudla kwamandla nezakhamzimba futhi kukhuthaze ukukhula kwengulube.
Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukunciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana ochotshoziwe kuthuthukisa ukugaya amandla. Ukunciphisa usayizi wokusanhlamvu kakolweni ukusuka ku-920 μm kuya ku-580 μm kungakhuphula i-ATTD yesitashi, kodwa akunawo umthelela enanini le-ATTD le-GE. I-ATTD yezingulube ze-GE, DM kanye ne-CP eziphakelwa ukudla kwebhali okungu-400μm zaziphezulu kunalezo zokudla okungu-700μm. Lapho usayizi wezinhlayiyana zommbila wehla ukusuka ku-500μm kuya ku-332μm, izinga lokuwohloka kwe-phytate phosphorus nalo lenyuka. Lapho usayizi wokusanhlamvu wommbila wehla usuka ku-1200 μm uya ku-400 μm, i-ATTD ye-DM, N, ne-GE yenyuka ngo-5%, 7%, futhi7 % ngokulandelana, futhi uhlobo lokugaya lungase lube nomthelela emandleni nasekugayekeni kwezakhi. Lapho usayizi wokusanhlamvu wommbila wehla usuka ku-865 μm uya ku-339 μm, ukhuphule amazinga e-ATTD wesitashi, GE, ME kanye ne-DE, kodwa awubanga nomthelela kukho konke ukugayeka kokudla kwamathumbu e-P kanye ne-SID ye-AA. Lapho usayizi wokusanhlamvu wommbila wehla usuka ku-1500μm uya ku-641μm, i-ATTD ye-DM, N kanye ne-GE ingakhuliswa. Amazinga e-ATTD kanye ne-ME e-DM, i-GE ezingulubeni ezondle u-308 μm DDGS ayephakeme kunalawo atholakala ezingulubeni ezingu-818 μm DDGS, kodwa usayizi wezinhlayiyana awuzange ube nomthelela ku-ATTD ye-N ne-P. Le datha ibonisa ukuthi i-ATTD ye-DM, N, kanye I-GE ingathuthukiswa lapho usayizi wokusanhlamvu wommbila wehliswa ngo-500 μm. Ngokuvamile, usayizi wezinhlayiyana zommbila noma ummbila we-DDGS awunawo umthelela ekugayweni kwe-phosphorus. Ukunciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana ezigayayo zokuphakelwa kukabhontshisi nakho kungathuthukisa ukugayeka kokudla. Lapho usayizi wezinhlayiyana ze-lupine wehla ukusuka ku-1304 μm ukuya ku-567 μm, i-ATTD ye-GE ne-CP kanye ne-SID ye-AA nayo yanda ngokulandelana. Ngokufanayo, ukunciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana zamaphizi abomvu nakho kungandisa ukugayeka kokudla kwesitashi namandla. Lapho usayizi wezinhlayiyana zokudla kukabhontshisi wesoya wehla usuka ku-949 μm uya ku-185 μm, awubanga namphumela ku-SID evamile yamandla, i-AA ebalulekile nengabalulekile, kodwa ngomugqa wandisa i-SID ye-isoleucine, i-methionine, i-phenylalanine ne-valine. Ababhali baphakamise ukudla kukabhontshisi wesoya okungu-600 μm kwe-AA efanelekile, ukugaya amandla. Ezivivinyweni eziningi, ukunciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana kungakhuphula amazinga e-DE ne-ME, okungenzeka ahlobane nokuthuthukiswa kokugayeka kokudla isitashi. Ngokudla okunokuqukethwe isitashi esiphansi kanye ne-fiber ephezulu, ukwehlisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana zokudla kukhulisa amazinga e-DE ne-ME, okungenzeka ahlobene nokunciphisa i-viscosity ye-digesta kanye nokwenza ngcono ukugayeka kokudla kwezinto zamandla.
4, Umphumela Wosayizi Wezinhlayiya Zokuphakelayo ku-Pathogenesis Yezilonda Zesisu Ezingulubeni
isisu sengulube ihlukaniswe izifunda ezinezindlala nezingezona izindlala. Indawo engeyona i-glandular iyindawo ephezulu yezilonda zesisu, ngoba i-gastric mucosa endaweni ye-glandular inomphumela wokuvikela. Ukuncishiswa kobukhulu bezinhlayiyana zokudla kungenye yezimbangela zesilonda esiswini, futhi uhlobo lokukhiqiza, ukuminyana kokukhiqiza, kanye nohlobo lwezindlu nakho kungabangela isilonda esiswini ezingulubeni. Isibonelo, ukuncishiswa kosayizi wokusanhlamvu kommbila kusuka ku-1200 μm kuya ku-400 μm, futhi ukusuka ku-865 μm kuya ku-339 μm kungaholela ekwandeni kwezigameko zezilonda zesisu ezingulube. Izehlakalo zezilonda zesisu ezingulubeni ezifunzwa ngamapellets angu-400 μm osayizi wokusanhlamvu wommbila zaziphakeme kunalezo zempushana ezinosayizi ofanayo wokusanhlamvu. Ukusetshenziswa kwama-pellets kubangele ukwanda kwezilonda zesisu ezingulubeni. Kucatshangwa ukuthi izingulube zaba nezimpawu zezilonda zesisu ezinsukwini ezingu-7 ngemuva kokuthola ama-pellets amahle, khona-ke ukuncelisa ama-pellets ama-coarse izinsuku ezingu-7 futhi kwanciphisa izimpawu zezilonda zesisu. Izingulube zingenwa kalula yi-Helicobacter ngemuva kokuvela kwesilonda esiswini. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokudla okumahhadlahhadla kanye nokudla okuyimpushana, ukukhiqizwa kwe-chloride esiswini kwanda lapho izingulube ziphakelwa ukudla okuchotshoziwe noma ama-pellets. Ukwanda kwe-chloride kuzophinde kukhuthaze ukwanda kwe-Helicobacter, okuholela ekwehleni kwe-pH esiswini.Imithelela Yosayizi Wezinhlayiyana Zokuphakelayo Ekukhuleni nasekukhiqizeni Ukusebenza Kwezingulube
5, Imithelela Yosayizi Wezinhlayiyana Zokuphakela Ekukhuleni nasekukhiqizeni Ukusebenza Kwezingulube
Ukunciphisa usayizi wokusanhlamvu kungakhuphula indawo yesenzo sama-enzyme wokugaya futhi kuthuthukise amandla kanye nokugaya izakhi. Kodwa-ke, lokhu kwanda kokugaya akuhumushi ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe kokukhula, njengoba izingulube zizokwandisa ukudla kwazo ukuze kunxephezele ukuntuleka kokugaya futhi ekugcineni zithole amandla eziwadingayo. Kubikwa ezincwadini ukuthi ubukhulu bezinhlayiya zikakolweni ezilinganisweni zezingulube ezilunyuliwe nezingulube ezikhuluphalisayo zingama-600 μm no-1300 μm, ngokulandelana.
Lapho usayizi wokusanhlamvu kakolweni wehla usuka ku-1200μm uya ku-980μm, ukudla okudliwayo kungandiswa, kodwa ukusebenza kahle kokuphakelayo akubanga namphumela. Ngokufanayo, lapho usayizi wokusanhlamvu kakolweni wehla ukusuka ku-1300 μm kuya ku-600 μm, ukusebenza kahle kokuphakelayo kwezingulube ezikhuluphalisayo ezingama-93-114 kg kungathuthukiswa, kodwa akuzange kube nomthelela ku-67-93 kg ezingulubeni zokukhuluphalisa. Kuwo wonke ama-100 μm anciphisa usayizi wokusanhlamvu, i-G: F yezingulube ezikhulayo inyuke ngo-1.3%. Lapho usayizi wommbila wehla ukusuka ku-800 μm kuya ku-400 μm, i-G: F yezingulube inyuke ngo-7%. Izinhlamvu ezihlukene zinemiphumela ehlukene yokunciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana, njengommbila noma amabele anosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezifanayo kanye nobubanzi obufanayo bokunciphisa usayizi wezinhlayiyana, izingulube zithanda ummbila. Lapho usayizi wokusanhlamvu wommbila wehla kusuka ku-1000μm kuya ku-400μm, i-ADFI yezingulube yancishiswa futhi i-G: F yanda. Lapho usayizi wokusanhlamvu wamabele wehla ukusuka ku-724 μm kuya ku-319 μm, i-G:F yezingulube zokuqeda nayo yandiswa. Kodwa-ke, ukukhula kwezingulube eziphakelwe ukudla kukabhontshisi wesoya okungu-639 μm noma okungu-444 μm kwakufana nalokho kukabhontshisi wesoya ongu-965 μm noma u-1226 μm, okungenzeka kungenxa yokwengezwa okuncane kwesidlo sikabhontshisi wesoya. Ngakho-ke, izinzuzo ezilethwa ukuncishiswa kosayizi wezinhlayiyana zokuphakelayo zizobonakala kuphela lapho okuphakelayo kwengezwa ngengxenye enkulu ekudleni.
Lapho usayizi wokusanhlamvu wommbila wehla usuka ku-865 μm uya ku-339 μm noma usuka ku-1000 μm uya ku-400 μm, futhi usayizi wokusanhlamvu wamabele wehla usuka ku-724 μm uya ku-319 μm, izinga lokuhlatshwa kwesidumbu sezingulube ezikhuluphalisiwe lingathuthukiswa. Isizathu sokuhlaziya singase sibe ukuncipha kosayizi wokusanhlamvu, okuholela ekwehleni kwesisindo samathumbu. Kodwa-ke, ezinye izifundo zithole ukuthi lapho usayizi wokusanhlamvu kakolweni wehla ukusuka ku-1300 μm kuya ku-600 μm, awunawo umthelela ekuhlatshweni kwezingulube ezikhuluphalisayo. Kungabonakala ukuthi okusanhlamvu okuhlukene kunemiphumela ehlukene ekunciphiseni usayizi wezinhlayiyana, futhi ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka.
Kukhona izifundo ezimbalwa ngomphumela wezinhlayiyana zokudla esisindweni somzimba wezingulube kanye nokusebenza kokukhula kwengulube. Ukunciphisa usayizi wokusanhlamvu wommbila kusuka ku-1200 μm kuya ku-400 μm akunawo umthelela esisindweni somzimba kanye nokulahlekelwa kwe-backfat yezingulube ezincelisayo, kodwa kunciphisa ukudliwa kwezingulube ngesikhathi sokuncelisa futhiiukukhuluphala kwezingane ezincelayo ezincelisayo.
